Acute pulmonary injury caused by SC inhalation is a rare event but is expected to become more common. This case demonstrates the severe life-threatening and rapid deterioration that may ensue after smoking concentrated SC through a water pipe.Immediate recognition of impending respiratory insufficiency with the subsequent need for endotracheal intubation and provision of ECMO for continued failure of adequate ventilation and gas exchange must remain an immediate priority. With the recent increase in complications of SC reported recently,one would expect there will be many more cases to come.Radiologic patterns characteristic of SC-induced pulmonary toxicity can be defined as diffuse, acute patches of alveolar infiltrates with patchy air bronchograms.
This classic radiologic presentation is a function of bronchial endothelial injury which often presents as a diffuse centrilobular nodule with tree-in-bud pattern.This response results in a pattern of injury consistent with organizing pneumonia.Histopathologic findings of organizing pneumonia are also characteristic in patients with chronic SC associated lung injury.CT radiograph may show a diffuse miliary-micronodular pattern and Chest CT may demonstrate diffuse centrilobular nodules and tree-in-bud pattern. For patients who present with unexplained pulmonary infiltrates as described above, SC use should be included on the list of differential diagnoses. An appropriate history must be taken, and drug screen testing may be indicated.In some cases,toxic metabolites have been linked to direct alveolar or bronchopulmonary injury leading to DAH . These reported metabolites have been found to vary in chemical makeup and concentrations, resulting in a range of heterogeneous effects and potency.
Testing for these cannabinoids is imperfect. ELISA is limited by the number of detectable metabolites and is not commercially available. Recently,a case of DAH associated with the SC metabolite UR-144, UR-144 N has been published . Because of the direct toxic injury,steroids have been administered and may be an effective measure. Further investigation is needed.Cannabidiol inhalation products have become increasingly available.Common routes of inhalation include water pipes and electronic delivery. Recent reports from lay press have raised concerns that vaping CBD could be more detrimental when compared to water pipe inhalation due to unknown additives such as SC in the vaping solution .ECMO has proven to be crucial in the management of nicotine vaping related pulmonary injuries . With recent CBD vaping trends in combination with an unregulated market, early anticipation and intervention with ECMO may becrucial and possibly lifesaving going forward. Agrotextiles are a kind of engineering textiles used in the agriculture, horticulture,gardening and construction. Depending on the final application, the composition,production method and properties change.Erosion Control Blanketis a kind of agrotextile. It is aimed at strengthening the soil. It is composed by a high percentage of biodegradable natural fibers. The vegetable waste pruning can be processed by Wet laid technology to obtain non-woven for different applications of ECB or composites .
The Wet laid is a processing technique highly used in the paper and textile industry for nonwoven formation. In the case of nonwoven textiles, it is possible to obtain non-woven structures based on different base components both raw and waste materials so that it is possible to mix a base natural fibre with a binding fibre to provide cohesion after a thermo-bonding process. The Wetlaid process, which uses highly diluted fibre-water dispersions, is an eco-friendly process since, although it consumes high water amounts, all the water is recirculated as it only acts as the fibre carrier component so that, almost all water is recovered in the hydro former station in which non-woven formation occurs .The non-woven or ECB can have an increase in its functional properties for agriculture by micro-capsules incorporation.Microen capsulation is a technology that allows sensitive materials to be physically enveloped in a protective “wall material”, in order to protect these ingredients or “core” materials, from adverse reactions, volatile loss, weathering, etc.The selection of wall material for each core material is important; i.e.,carbohydrates such as maltodextrins, starches, Arabic gum , alginate, chitosan, or mixtures thereof , etc., have been all widely used as encapsulation agents.Biopolymers, like alginate, are used as encapsulating materials in several applications,more commonly, in food and pharmaceutical applications.This polymer is not supposed to affect the encapsulated compound activity ; it shows high toughness and it has considerable effects on the mechanical stability of beads .