The accumulation of N in corn roots increased with time. These results indicate that there are also losses due to shedding, root exudation and root death, losses of N from the aerial part are much more expressive, and the aerial part N can be translocated to the roots reflecting on the accumulation of N in roots . There was an increase in dry matter mass of the corn aerial part up until 100 DAE. At that stage, the plants were beginning to flower. The only significant difference observed was at the first time, when the check plants produced more than those with green manure. In the Paleudalf soil it is observed that larger N amounts of the green manure went to the corn plants , and a larger amount of N was lost from the system, indicating higher mineralization of nitrogen in that soil. Studies developed with the addition of organic N to soils rarely exceed 20% in their use and indicate that the greatest proportion of N contained in its manures can be beneficial to the subsequent crop as well as to other crops in a rotation system due to its residual effect. Industrial hemp has been a historical source for various compounds and metabolites.
One group of compounds harvested from industrial hemp is cannabidiol , which does not include tetrahydro cannabinol, the cannabinoid found in marijuana plants that is responsible for the psychological effects. Industrial hemp produces very low amounts of THC. Cannabidiols are one specific type of cannabinoid produced by industrial hemp. Several different products come from industrial hemp through utilization of various parts of the plant. For instance, hemp fiber from the stem has been used for textiles and construction materials, while the oil from the seeds is used in cosmetics and other personal care items . In addition to the industrial uses of the plant, there is a growing interest in the pharmaceutical applications of industrial hemp.Cannabidiols have been used in the treatment of epilepsy, as an appetite enhancer,as an antidepressant, and also as an analgesic . Researchers have also discovered the potential benefits of CBD’s as an anti-inflammatory and aid in sleep support.
Other products containing CBD have shown anti-stress and relaxation qualities without the drowsy feeling that other anti-stress and anxietymedications may cause. As the plant produces a wide variety of cannabinoids,on which research is just beginning, there is a need for large amounts of compound-producing plant tissue to be grown in controlled environments.There are various procedures to yield plant tissue, but one unique way is through tissue culture.The tissue culture method breaks tradition, in that, there is no soil or sunshine needed to initiate production and growth of the cells. In the wild and in agriculture,there are many confounding variables that can impact plant growth and compound production. Plant tissue culture is one method to ensure the least amount of confounding variables for plant growth. In addition, this in vitro approach is the quickest and most reliable way to preserve a germ line that has been bred for the production of specific compounds. The process involves aseptic cultures, exemplified through thorough sterilization of plant tissue, a nutrient medium containing mineral salts, sugars and hormones for the explant tissue to thrive, and the production of callus as the explant utilizes the nutrients in the medium .
The purposes of this study were to determine: 1) the optimal concentrations/ratios of auxin-to-cytokinin; and 2) to determine an optimal mineral salts mix in media to generate and grow tissue callus for select cultivars of industrial hemp. The sterilized leaf tissue was cut into explants in the sterile hood. The tissue was generally cut into 3 cross sections/explants per leaf using a sterile scalpel and tweezers then placed on the appropriate treatment media. Three explants were placed on each Petri dish. The plates were then sealed with parafilm to ensure they did not dry out and to also help minimizing the risk of contamination. All plates were stored in the dark in an incubator at 25˚C for approximately 30 days.The explant/callus was inspected frequently to ensure contamination had not occurred, and if it had, the callus was moved to another Petriplate of the same hormone concentration to continue growing. Approximately30 days after the setup of the experiment, the explants/callus were weighed and then transferred to fresh media for the callus to continue to grow. When the callus was transferred, it was transferred to the same media type.
The explants were transferred to new media approximately every 30 days four times ,the hormone concentration/ratio and mineral salts media that yielded the most callus was determined through statistical methods for each cultivar. In this experiment, the majority of plates that contained no auxin tended to form roots.Minocha suggested that the reason media lacking auxin produced roots was because of the availability of endogenousauxin in the plant occurring naturally. Jiang et al .found that the optimal hormone concentration for callus initiation was a 4.4:2.7 ratio.They also found the optimal concentration for callus growth occurred at a 4.6:2.7 ratio.