Changes in tobacco blends and curing of tobacco has caused US cigarettes to have higher levels of tobacco specific nitrosamines , a group of carcinogens found in tobacco and nicotine products. The 2014 Surgeon General Report observed that “[f]or Kentucky reference cigarettes, mutagenicity per mg of total particulate matter was 30–40% lower for unfiltered cigarettes […]
Tag: cannabis cultivation
School enrollment characteristics were not related to the presence of marijuana comarketing
Additionally, the magnitude of the problem is worse in some neighborhoods than others. Popular brands of flavored cigarillos cost significantly less in Washington DC block groups with a higher proportion of African Americans 14 and in California census tracts with lower median household income. For the first time, this study examines neighborhood variation in the maximum […]
A sensitivity analysis using non-imputed data yielded similar results
A total of 5 items address the student’s own experience with teachers, such as ‘‘they help if I have trouble learning something,’’ and ‘‘they help me catch up if I am behind in class.’’ Each item was scored from 1 to 4 and all 9 items were averaged together to generate on overall score with […]
Follow-up inspections generally take place within two-days but can take up to a week
As shown in Appendix Table 2, the estimates from both models are quite similar to our main Table 2 estimates. In Appendix Table 3, we explore the impact of extending the study window. Specifically, we present results that lengthen the study period to 60 days but include 3 separate indicators for closure days 1-10 , 11-20 […]
Such deficits are consistent with a vast number of other studies on adolescent drinkers
Similar to effects seen in adolescent rats exposed to ethanol, long-lasting effects on learning, memory, and object recognition have been shown in adolescent rats with chronic cannabis exposure , which have been attributed to a reduction in quality or efficiency of synaptic connections in the hippocampus . While most existing studies examine the impact of […]
Potential limitations of this body of literature are examined later in this chapter
Slower processing speed has also been identified among heavy marijuana using youth , even after one month of monitored abstinence .In sum, adolescents seem to show modest but significant deficits in cognition across multiple domains. In the area of executive functioning, adolescent drinkers show worse decision making and inhibitory control, whereas adolescent marijuana users show […]
Poverty status may similarly influence the types of substances that adolescents use
In fact, the modeling approaches used in previous studies of alcohol consumption trajectories are specific instances of finite mixture models . This study has some limitations. First, we relied on self-reported alcohol consumption which is known to have some measurement error. Nonetheless, our use of a validated instrument , delivered by a computer assisted interview, […]
Social influence factors were significantly associated with most of the patterns of hookah use
Hookah is one of the most commonly used combustible tobacco products by young adults in the United States. Hookah smokers often perceive it as safer than cigarettes, but a growing literature points to deleterious health effects, including toxicant exposure, nicotine addiction and cardiorespiratory consequences. Existing evidence on the health effects of hookah shows it more than […]
These water diversion systems connect water sources to marijuana plants up to four miles away
Previously, useful evidence would have remained untouched at the site, or on rare occasions, kept in police storage. The potentially useful information left at sites was lost to neglect. Now, a significant portion of the evidence left behind is subjected to intelligence analysis. Increased utilization of intelligence analysis centers has made this process much more […]
Data were drawn from a longitudinal study on the genetics of antisocial behavior and substance use
ED utilization that KPNC did not pay for is not captured, although we capture external, paid-for ED utilization through claims. Consequently, ED use may be higher than we report. Low base rates of SUDs other than alcohol, marijuana, and opioid use disorders precluded our ability to examine the effect of these conditions on ED visits.Marijuana is […]