McClintock’s framework helps explain the multi-functionality of urban agriculture, its wide resonance in an era of widespread individual, social and ecological strain, and its interconnectedness with numerous social, cultural and environmental processes. However, his invocation of urban political ecology stops short of tracing the ideological and material flows involved in urban agriculture’s implementation in any […]
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Marxist theorists have long held that crises are inherent to how capitalism functions
With the higher density of urban areas, demand for space can put pressure on any land use that isn’t maximizing a site’s potential. Of course, what is considered a site’s maximum potential is socially constructed; as predicted by the urban growth machine theory, land uses are largely determined by the alignment of interests among powerful […]
T-budding is generally the best budding method for citrus and avocados
The seedling will be ready for budding or grafting when it has grown to 24 to 30 inches tall.Budding and grafting are vegetative propagation techniques in which a single bud or stem of a desired plant is attached to a root stock plant. In budding, a single bud with its accompanying bark is used as the scion. In grafting, part […]
Tillage encompassed the number of tillage passes a farmer performed per field site per season
The 13 farmers interviewed represent 13 individuals who oversee management and operations on their farms. These individuals were most often the primary owner and operator of the farm, and made key management decisions on their farm. To identify potential participants for this study, we first consulted the USDA Organic Integrity database and assembled a comprehensive […]
Deionized water was added and allowed to imbibe into the soil until no water dripped from the funnel
For instance, soil texture may play a mediating role in N cycling, where soils high in clay content may limit substrate availability as well as access to oxygen, which in turn, may restrict the efficiency of N cycling . In this sense, it is important to understand the role that soil edaphic characteristics play in order to […]
Eleven of them are edible and are incorporated into meals as herbs
The Cerén farmers tolerated and possibly even encouraged the growth of wild and weedy species within their maize fields. All of the weedy species recovered from these fields have known uses nutritionally, medicinally, or for other purposes where they were incorporated into ceremonial activities or valued as a decoration . Amaranthus, Crotalaria, and Portulaca are […]
The odd silences and elisions in El carrer de les Camèlies make more sense in this context
Over this time the deportees’ own understanding of their situation also changed. While at first most considered their experience a personal one, beginning in the 70s there was an increasing recognition among Jews of the collective aspect of the genocide. In her text, Kofman struggles with the ambiguities of public and private identity, and with […]
The technical replicates were combined using an equal mass of DNA from each replicate prior to library prep
Potentially leachable soil nitrate levels were calculated for each field using nitrate concentrations from the top 15cm at the harvest sampling event, which occurred within the first three weeks of harvest. Though the plants continued to grow for the duration of the harvest, it is unlikely that nitrate from the top 15cm were used due […]
Two key questions exist when designing policy to target agricultural water resiliency
Amidst an increasingly industrialized food system, farmers and activists the world over have advocated and struggled to move agricultural production towards diversified farming systems. Agroecology–a form of agriculture based in small-scale, thought-intensive, diversified farming systems and the socio-political movements necessary to defend them and advocate for their wider adoption–has emerged as a combination of science, […]
The Farm Bill itself does not deal directly with immigration
Overall, higher wages and employer-provided health care would not only lower state and federal public assistance costs, and allow all levels of government to better target how their tax dollars are used, but it would also rightfully hold corporations accountable to their employees and thus challenge the status quo of federal and state subsidization of […]