The initial size of seedlings was also significantly and positively correlated with subsequent survival.In previous research, tree shelters consistently promoted the height growth of artificially planted blue oak seedlings . This accelerated growth results from environmental changes within the tubes — including elevated CO2 levels, increased humidity and higher temperatures — as well as protection […]
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Aboveground biomass contained most of the nitrogen from legume green manure
The primary study objective was to quantify the effect of cover crops and amendments on soil fertility, potato yield and potato pests.Two cover crop studies were conducted at IREC — a study begun in 2014 that evaluated mid-summer cover crops and a study begun in 2016 that evaluated covercrops planted in spring, mid-summer and fall. […]
This study suggests that switch grass is able to tolerate drought by mining deep soil moisture
A preintroduction evaluation can be performed in tandem with typical agronomic yield trials. This approach can both quantify ecological risk and assess the suitability and economic performance of the species within a particular region. To assess the invasive potential of any proposed bio-fuel species, including switch grass in California, we propose a seven-step evaluation protocol . These evaluations should […]
The simplest price provision offers a set price per unit of biomass throughout the duration of the contract
In addition to relative performance incentives and the use of fieldmen as means to address moral hazard problems without shifting additional, exogenous risk to producers, pricing mechanisms can reallocate risk/minimize cost, while also facilitating access to traditional risk management strategies. The choice of pricing models offered in a biomass production contract can therefore have important implications […]
Asset leasing provides farmers another traditional risk management strategy
As the industry evolves, a hybrid structure is likely to emerge, in which end-users closely cooperate with producers through long-term contracting, rather than as direct owners or operators of biomass farms. We term this a “vertically coordinated” industry model. A vertically coordinated model presents several benefits over a vertically integrated system used in other industries dependent […]
Adoption is often a social process as producers interact with others to obtain and evaluate information
Traceability to production source is strongly emphasized by EU food hygiene rules articulated at the member state level by UK public health agencies. British produce packaging typically carries clearly visible supplier codes that link each product to its original field and farmer, sometimes including the name of the farm or even farm owner on the […]
The results of these comparisons are presented graphically in the sections that follow
The LGMA standard was not created through a government rule-making process or by state regulators, but requires that compliance with the standard be verified by state and federal audits and inspections under the terms of a federal marketing agreement.10 In the United Kingdom, several pre-regulatory assessments are currently included by public regulators as part of […]
My analysis will differ from the majority of comparative politics literature in one additional way
In Chapter Two, I will explain the basis of my US-UK comparison, presenting a detailed account of the existing regulatory framework governing leafy greens production in the United States and United Kingdom. I will ground my case study comparison in a comparative historical-political examination of food safety concerns and present the research framing that underpins […]
The spectral absorption coefficients of gas molecules are retrieved from HITRAN database
Aerosols, solar long wave radiation and scattering by clouds are not included in the CIRC calculations. The temperature, pressure, gas concentration profiles and cloud properties used in the proposed radiative model are obtained from the input files provided on the CIRC website for validation purposes. The summarized model parameters and results of surface downwelling flux for Case […]
Most studies do not characterize the duration based on the host population
As mentioned before, we assumed that the main route of MAP transmission in the calf population is the through the general environment. Although there are some studies that consider MAP transmission from transient shedders to susceptible calves, we assumed that the number of calf-to-calf transmission in pen 1 is negligible. Furthermore, since the calf population is separated […]