The estimates of the mean %ABV of beer, wine, and spirits for each state and the District of Columbia for selected years are presented in Table 3. The mean %ABV of each beverage type are seen to vary by state in each year, reflecting the variation in preferences and mean %ABV for each beverage sub-type across states […]
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There is precedence for both ligand- and cell-type-specific dif ferences in CB1R signaling
CA3 also gives rise to the very large Schaffer–Commissural projection to pyramidal neurons in field CA1, where further integration likely occurs. CA1 directly and through intermediaries innervates the deep layers of entorhinal cortex . It is widely held that through this circuitry the hippocampus converts a sequence of inputs from cortex into representations that include semantic, spatial, and […]
Future studies should examine whether a same-sex or opposite-sex peer influences adolescents differentially
We recognize few generalizations can be made with a sample of 19 adolescents; however, an a priori power analysis indicated a sample of 18 participants would be sufficient to conclude significant differences. Our experimental peer influence manipulation, while novel, has limitations, such as we did not measure whether or how attractive participants believed the photographs […]
This regressor of interest was convolved with a canonical hemodynamic response function
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging research has identified the striatum as a key hub in PE learning , along with the insula and anterior cingulate cortex . These regions also exhibit significant neurodevelopment during adolescence . Indeed, the first study to have examined PE in adolescents found that teenagers exhibit a similar, albeit stronger striatal response for positive PE compared […]
Other elements of packaging and product design should be considered in future assessments
More high school students smoked little cigars and cigarillos than cigarettes in 33 US states in 2015. Concern is growing about co-use of tobacco and marijuana among youth, particularly among African-American youth.In a 2015 survey, for example, one in four Florida high school students reported ever using cigars or cigar wraps to smoke marijuana. One colloquial […]
The same devices can be used for vaping both nicotine and marijuana
In closing, the present study found drinking behaviors did not significantly mediate the effect of pharmacotherapy on smoking behaviors across the span of 6 months in a sample of heavy drinking smokers engaged in a treatment tailored to promote smoking cessation and drinking reduction. While the main results of the trial showed compelling quit rates […]
The resulting factors were to be used as dependent variables in subsequent analyses
Bivariate correlations were used to examine the relationship among behavioral economic indices within each substance and between pairing indices . An exploratory factor analysis was conducted using principle component analysis estimation method with an oblique rotation to allow for a multi-factorial solution with correlated factors. The PCA approach is consistent with previous research examining the latent structure of […]
All activations are reported at peak level and are in standard MNI stereotactic space
We hypothesized that amygdala engagement to aversive stimuli would show a positive correlation with accumulated lifetime ecstasy use; a negative correlation with SERT binding, as assessed with positron emission tomography imaging, in the amygdala; and a negative correlation with time since last use of ecstasy, suggesting recovery of amygdala response.Fourteen users of ecstasy and 12 non-using control subjects were recruited by […]
These statistical results are mentioned here because they relate to interpretations of Hypotheses
The final analysis in Table 4 addressed Hypothesis 4 by evaluating main and interaction effects for numbers of ARBs across eight time points using a 3 ethnic groups by 2 sexes by 2 LR categories by 8 time points mixed-design ANOVA that controlled for maximum drinks while using education group as a covariate. For all analyses, missing data were […]
Sixty-three male Sprague–Dawley rats were used in these experiments
All procedures were approved by the University of Georgia Animal Care and Use Committee, and followed the guidelines of the International Association of the Study of Pain and the National Institutes of Health. Rimonabant was obtained from NIDA. URB597 was purchased from Cayman . URB602 was synthesized by reacting diimidazole- 1-ylmethanone with biphenyl-3-yl amine in acetonitrile in […]